Calculus of functions ( calculations ) in PHP

Calculus ( calculation) does not seem to get away from computer programming , and vice versa . It seems impossible to a computer programming can be "live " without the calculus contained therein .
The calculus has a set of functions available in PHP programming . But before further studied the calculus functions in PHP , will first be given a list of the constants needed in calculus calculations . Here are the constants .

Constant	Value	Information
M_PI	3.14159265358979323846	Pi , which is generally used in calculating the area of a circle . ** )
M_E	2.7182818284590452354	e , or also known as natural numbers .
M_LOG2E	1.4426950408889634074	2log e , or logarithm base e with number 2 .
M_LOG10E	0.43429448190325182765	log e , or logarithm e.
M_LN2	0.69314718055994530942	ln 2 , or the natural logarithm 2 .
M_LN10	2.30258509299404568402	ln 10 , or the natural logarithm 10
M_PI_2	1.57079632679489661923	pi / 2
M_PI_4	0.78539816339744830962	pi / 4
M_1_PI	0.31830988618379067154	1/pi
M_2_PI	0.63661977236758134308	2/pi
M_SQRTPI	1.77245385090551602729	The root of pi * )
M_2_SQRTPI	1.12837916709551257390	2/akar pi
M_SQRT2	1.41421356237309504880	Roots 2
M_SQRT3	1.73205080756887729352	The root of 3 * )
M_SQRT1_2	0.70710678118654752440	1/akar 2
M_LNPI	1.14472988584940017414	ln pi * )
M_EULER	0.57721566490153286061	Euler's constant * )

Only M_PI is contained in all versions of PHP . Another new constants that are on PHP version 4.0.0 , whereas those marked * ) are new in version 4.0.2 and above.
Well , now let's discuss calculus functions in PHP . Broadly speaking calculus functions in PHP can be divided into several groups:

• Trig functions
• The ranks and functions Logarithmic
• Base functions n
• Other Functions

Trig functions
trigonometric functions are functions that relate to the science of trigonometry , the science of the angles of a triangle. These functions are:

• sin (angle ) , takes the sine of a corner .
• cos (angle ) , takes the cosine of an angle .
• tan (angle ) , takes the tangent of a corner .
• salty (angle ) , taking the value of arcus sine an angle.
• ACOs (angle ) , takes the arcus cosine of an angle .
• atan (angle ) , taking the arcus tangent value of an angle .
• deg2rad ( x ) , convert degrees to radians .
• rad2deg ( x ) , convert radians to degrees.

The angle value to be processed must be expressed in radians .
Here is the usage of these functions in PHP programming .



< / TITLE >
< / HEAD >
In a triangle, one leg of the angle is 45 °

$ A = deg2rad ( 45 ) ;
echo " In radians , 45 ° is $ a radians .
" ;
$ x = sin ( $ a ) ;
$ y = cos ( $ a ) ;
$ z = tan ( $ a ) ;
echo " sin ( $ a ) = $ x
";
echo " cos ( $ a ) = $ y
";
echo " tan ( $ a ) = $ z
";
$ p = salt ( $ x ) ;
$ q = ACOs ( $ y ) ;
$ r = atan ( $ z ) ;
echo " If the TSB values returned to radians :
";
echo " sauce ( $ x ) = $ p
";
echo " ACOs ( $ y ) = $ q
";
echo " atan ( $ z ) = $ r
";
?>

< / BODY >
< / HTML >

The ranks and functions Logarithmic
These functions are used to rank and logarithm calculations associated with the rank and logarithms . These functions are:

• pow ( $ x , $ y ) , is used to raise to $ x by $ y.
• exp ( $ x ) , used to promote e by $ x.
• log ( $ x ) , is used to retrieve the log naturalists $ x.
• log10 ( $ x ) , is used to retrieve the log $ x.
• sqrt ( $ x ) , used to find the root of $ x.

Worth noting that it was written by naturalist logarithm log ( ) , while for ordinary logarithms written by log10 . Sample usage is as follows :



< / TITLE >
< / HEAD >

$ A = pow ( 2.10 ) ;
$ B = exp ( 2 ) ;
$ c = log ( 10 ) ;
$ d = log10 ( 10 ) ;
$ E = sqrt ( 100 ) ;
echo " second rank of 10 = $ a
";
echo " e rank 2 = $ b
";
echo " ln 10 = $ c
";
echo "log 10 = $ d
";
echo " root of 100 = $ e " ;
?>

< / BODY >
< / HTML >
Suppose if we want to take the logarithm to base e or 10 numbers in addition ? We can take advantage of the law contained in the logarithm as follows :

alog b = ( plog b ) / ( plog a) ( equation 1 )

The value of p is free .
Because the p value free, then it should be replaced with a value of 10 , because if 10 is used as the logarithm base does not need to be written in the equation , so that equation 1 can be written as follows :

alog b = (log b ) / (log a) ( equation 2 )

Or you can also log naturalist :

alog b = ( ln b ) / ( ln a) ( equation 3 )

Examples of legal usage in the PHP script is as follows :


< / TITLE >
< / HEAD >

$ A = log ( 4 ) / log ( 2 ) ;
echo " ^{2 log 4 = " ;
echo $ a ;
?>}

<sup>< / BODY >
< / HTML >

Base functions n
Base functions n used to convert a number to the number of base n. These functions are:
base_convert ( x , y , z ) , which converts the number x of y based based to z.</sup>

• ^{decbin ( x ) , which converts the base-10 numbers into base 2 .}
• ^{dechex ( x ) , which converts the base-10 numbers into base 16 .}
• ^{decoct ( x ) , which converts the base-10 numbers into base 8 .}
• ^{bindec ( ) , which converts the base 2 numbers into base 10 .}
• ^{hexdec ( ) , which converts the numbers into base 16 base 10 .}
• ^{octdect ( ) , which converts the numbers into base 10 base 8 .}

<sup>Example :


Base Function < / TITLE >
< / HEAD ></sup>

^{$ A = 73 ;
$ B = base_convert ( $ a , 10.3 ) ;
$ c = decbin ( $ a ) ;
$ d = dechex ( $ a ) ;
$ E = decoct ( $ a ) ;
echo " $ a in Figure 3 is the base number = $ b
";
echo "Number $ a in the base number 2 is = $ c
";
echo "Number $ a in the base number 16 is = $ d
";
echo "Number $ a in the base number 8 is = $ e
";
?>}

^{< / BODY >
< / HTML >
Other calculus functions
Several other known function of PHP calculus is:}

• ^{abs ( x ) , taking the absolute value of x.}
• ^{ceil ( x ) , round out a fraction x to the top .}
• ^{floor ( x ) , round out a fraction x to the bottom.}
• ^{round ( x , y ) , round out a fraction x to y digits behind the comma .}
• ^{pi ( ) , taking the value of pi , which is approximately equal to 3.14159265358979323846 or M_PI constants .}
• ^{number_format ( x , y , k , r ) , write the number x of y format decimal places , with the comma is replaced with k characters and thousands separator characters replaced by r.}

<sup>Example :


Other < / TITLE >
< / HEAD ></sup>

^{$ A = 5 ;
$ B = -5 ;
$ c = abs ( $ a ) ;
$ d = abs ( $ b ) ;
echo " abs ( 5 ) = abs ( -5 ) = $ c
";
$ E = ceil ( 4:25 ) ;
echo " ceil ( 4:25 ) = $ e
";
$ f = floor ( 4:25 ) ;
echo " floor ( 4:25 ) = $ f
";
$ g = round ( 3.6) ;
echo "round ( 3.6) = $ g
";
$ h = round ( 3.5853 , 2 ) ;
echo "round ( 3.5853 , 2 ) = $ h ";
echo " (up to two digits behind the comma )
";
$ pi = pi () ;
echo " Value is pi = $ pi
";
$ format1 = number_format ( 1234567.890 ) ;
$ format2 = number_format ( 1234567.890,3 ) ;
$ format3 = number_format ( 1234567.890,3 ,'/','*');
echo " Format of numbers in PHP =
";
echo " Format 1 = $ format1
";
echo " Format 2 = $ format2
";
echo " Format 3 = $ format3
";
?>}

^{< / BODY >
< / HTML >
Now this Calculus functions in PHP programming , Good luck and study.}